Source：Teaching and Teacher Education October 2023Author：GUO Jun，KONG lingshuaiAbstract:The question of whether Chinas constructivist education reforms are working has sparked global debate. This study attempts to explain Chinas educational paradigm and its causes through observation and interviews with 16 primary school mathematics teachers across 16 districts of Shanghai. The results show that the mathematics teaching paradigm in Shanghai does not constitute constructivism based on ‘minimum gu

THE ASIA-PACIFIC EDUCATION RESEARCHER April. 2023Author:Rind IrfanBo NINGAbstract：We argue that the past-political discourses reshaped the way people conceptualized nature and sources of knowledge (Epistemic Beliefs), and thereby developed intolerant social attitudes in Pakistan. Efforts were made to change this situation through pre-service teacher education reforms by focussing on developing epistemic beliefs and social attitudes of prospective teachers. By collecting data from prospective tea